Beginning Again: an Autobiography of the Years 1911 to 1918

British political theorist, author, publisher and civil servant

Leonard Woolf
Bust of Leonard Woolf at Monk's House
Built-in	Leonard Sidney Woolf (1880-xi-25)25 Nov 1880 London, England
Died	14 August 1969(1969-08-14) (anile 88) Rodmell, England
Nationality	British
Didactics	Trinity Higher, Cambridge
Occupation	Political theorist, writer, publisher and civil servant
Spouse(s)	Virginia Woolf ​ ​ (m. ; d. )​
Partner(s)	Trekkie Parsons
Relatives	Bella Sidney Woolf (sister)

Leonard Sidney Woolf (; (1880-11-25)25 November 1880 – (1969-08-14)14 August 1969) was a British political theorist, author, publisher, and ceremonious servant. He was married to author Virginia Woolf.

Early life [edit]

Woolf was born in London in 1880 the tertiary of ten children of Solomon Rees Sidney Woolf (known as Sidney Woolf), a barrister and Queen's Counsel, and Marie (née de Jongh). His family was Jewish. After his male parent died in 1892, Woolf was sent to lath at Arlington House School virtually Brighton, Sussex. From 1894 to 1899, he attended St Paul'southward School, and in 1899 he won a classical scholarship to Trinity Higher, Cambridge,^[one] where he was elected to the Cambridge Apostles. Other gimmicky members included Lytton Strachey, John Maynard Keynes, G. E. Moore, and E. G. Forster. Thoby Stephen (his futurity wife's brother) was friendly with the Apostles, though not a member himself. Woolf was awarded his BA in 1902, merely stayed there for another year to study for the Civil Service examinations held and so.

In October 1904, Woolf moved to Ceylon (at present Sri Lanka) to become a buck in the Ceylon Civil Service, in Jaffna and afterward Kandy,^[2] and by August 1908 was named an assistant government agent in the Southern Province, where he administered the Commune of Hambantota. Woolf returned to England in May 1911 for a yr'south leave. Instead, notwithstanding, he resigned in early 1912 and that same year married Virginia Stephen.

17 The Dark-green Richmond, 2017

Leonard and Virginia Woolf lived at 17 The Green Richmond starting from October 1914. In early March 1915, the couple moved to nearby Hogarth Business firm, Paradise Road.^[3]

The Circular House, Lewes, 2017

In 1919, the Woolfs purchased the Round Firm in Pipe Passage, Lewes. The aforementioned year, they discovered Monk's Business firm in nearby Rodmell, which both she and Leonard favoured because of its orchard and garden. She then bought Monk's House and sold the Round House.^[four]

Together, Leonard and Virginia Woolf became influential in the Bloomsbury Group, which besides included various other old Apostles.

In December 1917, Woolf became ane of the co-founders of the 1917 Club, which met in Gerrard Street, Soho.

Writing [edit]

After marriage, Woolf turned to writing and published his outset novel, The Village in the Jungle (1913), which is based on his years in Ceylon. A series of books followed at roughly bi-annual intervals.

On the introduction of conscription in 1916, during the First Earth War, Woolf was rejected for military machine service on medical grounds, and turned to politics and folklore. He joined the Labour Party and the Fabian Guild, and became a regular contributor to the New Statesman. In 1916, he wrote International Government, proposing an international bureau to enforce world peace.

As his wife's mental health worsened, Woolf devoted much of his time to caring for her (he himself suffered from low). In 1917, the Woolfs bought a small manus-operated printing press and with it they founded the Hogarth Printing. Their outset project was a pamphlet, hand-printed and bound by themselves. Within 10 years the Press had become a total-calibration publishing firm, issuing Virginia's novels, Leonard's tracts and, amid other works, the first edition of T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. Woolf connected equally the chief manager of the Press until his death. His wife suffered from severe bouts of mental affliction throughout her life, until her suicide by drowning in 1941. Later, Leonard fell in love with a married artist, Trekkie Parsons.

In 1919, Woolf became editor of the International Review. He likewise edited the international section of the Contemporary Review from 1920 to 1922. He was literary editor of The Nation and Athenaeum, generally referred to merely equally The Nation, from 1923 to 1930), and articulation founder and editor of The Political Quarterly from 1931 to 1959), and for a time he served as secretary of the Labour Political party'south advisory committees on international and colonial questions.

General Ballot 1922: Combined English Universities (2 seats)

Political party		Candidate	FPv%	Count
				1	two	3	4	five
	Unionist	Martin Conway	32.8	968	982	1,093
	National Liberal	H. A. L. Fisher	27.seven	819	821	849	883	1,009
	Independent	John Strong	19.iv	571	575	595	611	813
	Labour	Leonard Woolf	12.2	361	361	365	366	eliminated
	Ind U	Wilfred Faraday	4.8	141	206	eliminated
	Ind U	Sidney C. Lawrence	3.1	90	eliminated
Electorate: 3,967 Valid: 2,946 Quota: 983 Turnout: 74.iii

In 1960, Woolf revisited Ceylon and was surprised at the warmth of the welcome he received, and even the fact that he was however remembered.^[5] Woolf accustomed an honorary doctorate from the then-new University of Sussex in 1964 and in 1965 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Order of Literature. He declined the offering of Companion of Honour (CH) in the Queen'due south Birthday Honours list in 1966.^[6]

Family [edit]

Amid his nine siblings, Bella Woolf was also an author. His brother Cecil Nathan Sidney Woolf was the author of Poems (published 1918); Cecil was killed in World War I in 1917. His dissertation Bartolus of Sassoferrato, his Position in the History of Medieval Political Thought was expanded to a book published by Cambridge Academy Press in 1913 in collaboration with his brother Philip. Philip and Cecil also translated Stendhal's On Love (Duckworth, 1915).^[7]

Death [edit]

Woolf died on 14 August 1969 from a stroke. He was cremated and his ashes were buried alongside his wife's below an elm tree in his beloved garden at Monk's House, Rodmell, Sussex. The tree after blew downwards and Woolf's remains have since been marked past a bronze bosom.

His papers are held by the University of Sussex at the Falmer campus.

Works [edit]

• The Village in the Jungle – 1913
• The Wise Virgins – 1914 (Republished in 2003 past Persephone Books)
• International Government – 1916
• The Future of Constantinople – 1917
• The Framework of a Lasting Peace - 1917
• Cooperation and the Future of Manufacture – 1918
• Economic Imperialism – 1920
• Empire and Commerce in Africa – 1920
• Socialism and Co-performance – 1921
• International co-operative trade – 1922
• Fearfulness and Politics – 1925
• Essays on Literature, History, Politics – 1927
• Hunting the Highbrow – 1927
• Imperialism and Civilization – 1928
• After the Deluge (Principia Politica), iii vols. – 1931, 1939, 1953
• Quack! Quack! – 1935
• Barbarians at the Gate – 1939
• The State of war for Peace – 1940
• A Calendar of Alleviation – selected by Leonard Woolf, 1967

Autobiographical works [edit]

• Woolf, Leonard (1960). Sowing: An Autobiography of the Years 1880–1904 . London: Hogarth Press. OCLC 185524636. Published in America equally Woolf, Leonard (1960). Sowing: An Autobiography of the Years 1880–1904 (1st American ed.). New York: Harcourt, Brace. ISBN978-0-15-683945-7. OCLC 1346957. Also OCLC 1339821.
• Woolf, Leonard (1961). Growing: An Autobiography of the Years 1904–1911 (1st American ed.). New York: Harcourt, Caryatid & Globe. OCLC 494500. Also OCLC 21246847 (1977), OCLC 67527334 (1967), Eland (2015).
• Woolf, Leonard (1963). Diaries in Ceylon, 1908–1911, and Stories from the East: Records of a Colonial Ambassador. London: Hogarth Printing. OCLC 30240642. Besides OCLC 4194108
• Woolf, Leonard (1975) [1964]. Beginning Again: An Autobiography of the Years 1911 to 1918. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN978-0-15-611680-0.
• Woolf, Leonard (1967). Downhill All the Manner: An Autobiography of the Years 1919–1939 (1st American ed.). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. OCLC 1065888.
• Woolf, Leonard (1969). The Journeying Not the Arrival Matters: An Autobiography of the Years 1939–1969 . London: Hogarth Press. ISBN978-0-7012-0326-ix. OCLC 186031338. Published in America as Woolf, Leonard (1969). The Journey Not the Arrival Matters: An Autobiography of the Years 1939–1969 (1st American ed.). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. OCLC 58615.

Biographical works on Woolf [edit]

• De Silva, Prabhath: Leonard Woolf as a Judge in Ceylon: A British Civil Retainer as a Judge in the Hambantota Commune of Colonial Sri Lanka (1908–1911). Neptune Publications (Pvt) Ltd, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka (2nd edition 2016). ISBN 978-955-0028-69-6
• Coates, Irene (2002). Who's Afraid of Leonard Woolf? A Case for the Sanity of Virginia Woolf. New York: Soho Press. ISBNone-56947-294-7.
• Glendinning, Victoria (2006). Leonard Woolf: A biography . New York: Free Printing. ISBN978-0-7432-4653-viii. OCLC 71779088.
  • Edited extract of book available at Glendinning, Victoria (26 August 2006). "A fresh spirit". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
  • Review of book with details about Leonard Woolf available at Gross, John (December 2006). "Mr. Virginia Woolf". Commentary. Archived from the original on 23 December 2008. Retrieved 9 Dec 2008.
• Leventhal, Fred & Stansky, Peter (2019). Leonard Woolf: Bloomsbury Socialist. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198814146.001.0001. ISBN978-0-xix-881414-6. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Related works and cultural references [edit]

• In 1982, a film version in Sinhala of Woolf's novel, Village in the Jungle, called Bæddegama was released. It featured Arthur C. Clarke in the role of Woolf.
• A film version of Michael Cunningham's 1998 Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Hours, was released in 2002, starring Nicole Kidman every bit Virginia Woolf. The part of Leonard Woolf was played by Stephen Dillane.
• In 2005, a volume titled Woolf in Ceylon was published past author Christopher Ondaatje. This is an unusual "in-the-footsteps of" book by the elderberry brother of novelist Michael Ondaatje.
• It is possibly that Leonard Wolf, Claudia's begetter in the video game Silent Hill 3 is named afterward Woolf.

Come across likewise [edit]

• Trekkie Parsons
• Woolf, Leonard; Ritchie, Trekkie (2002). Adamson, Judith (ed.). Love letters. London: Pimlico. ISBN978-0-7126-6473-viii. OCLC 49551724.
• Adam Smith, Janet (29 July 1995). "Obituary: Trekkie Parsons". The Independent. U.k.: BNET. Archived from the original on 27 April 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2008.

References [edit]

1. ^ "Woolf, Leonard Sidney (WLF899LS)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. Academy of Cambridge.
2. ^ "Alphabetic character", Daily News, LK, 2 October 2002, archived from the original on 14 Jan 2011
3. ^ "Virginia Woolf and Hogarth Firm". London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.
4. ^ "Virginia's Round House in Lewes upward for auction". Blogging Woolf. 4 May 2009.
5. ^ Hettiarachchi, Kumudini (ix September 2002), "Notwithstanding a hamlet in the jungle", Sunday Times, LK
6. ^ http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120202145535/http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resource/document2012-01-24-075439.pdf^{[ bare URL PDF ]}
7. ^ Cecil Nathan Sidney Woolf; Modernist Archives Publishing Project

External links [edit]

• Works by Leonard Woolf at Project Gutenberg
• Works past or about Leonard Woolf at Internet Archive
• Works by Leonard Woolf at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• The Leonard Woolf fonds at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto consists of correspondence from Woolf to Ellen Alderm, 1935, and Mrs. Easdale, 1935, 1964–1968, primarily re submissions to Hogarth Press
• "Stories of the East by Leonard Woolf" via Discovering Literature at the British Library
• Frederic Spotts collection of papers on the letters of Leonard Woolf at the Mortimer Rare Book Collection, Smith Higher Special Collections

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Woolf

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